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Environmental Impact No. 5: Soil Structure Decline

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Type NameDateSummary
Soil structure and drainage, Chapter 3 in the Farm Monitoring Handbook (Hunt, N. and Gilkes, B.)1992Comprehensive information on soil structure and instability (susceptible soils and sites, monitoring, management and equipment), use of soil pits (examination, materials, method, photography), soil and drainage (influences, monitoring, management, equipment), subsoil compaction (incl. traffic hardpans and plugh pans).
Soil Structure Decline. In: Natural Resource Management Issues: South West Region (Galloway, P.)2003Soil structural instability affects about 3.5 million hectares of the South West agricultural region. Crusting and hardsetting are most common in medium and fine textured surface soils. This article outlines the extent and impacts from soil structure decline, and available management options and their relative effectiveness.
Soil structure decline. In: Soil Guide - a handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils. (Needham, P., Moore, G. and Scholz, G.)1998Deteriorating soil structure influences seedling emergence, root growth, infiltration, water storage, aeration and soil workability, all of which can reduce crop yields, either directly or indirectly. Impacts include: Reduced infiltration. poor soil workability, delayed seeding, reduced seedling emergence, reduced aeration, reduced trafficability and clay dispersion.
Surface soil structure decline susceptibility (van Gool, D., Tille, P. and Moore, G.)2005This extract from the Land Evaluation Standards for Land Resource Mapping specifies the standards used to assess the land quality - surface soil structure decline susceptibility - during land resource surveys conducted by the Department of Agriculture WA.
Diagnosing and ameliorating problem soils (Patabendige, D.)2005A visual key and decision tree for diagnosing and ameliorating problem soils focusing on cropping land use in the agricultural region of Western Australia. Issues addressed include non-wetting (water repellent) soils, waterlogging, soil pH (acid or sodic soils), hardsetting soils, root growth restrictions,
Best Practice Guidelines - Dumbleyung Landcare Zone (Singh, P.)2000These guidelines are a collection of information sheets describing best practices for options which may be implemented in the Dumbleyung Landcare zone to achieve the aims of the catchment plan. These relate broadly to earthworks, revegetation, trees and shrubs, and crops.
Treatment of compacted soils in the eastern wheatbelt (Hamza, M. and Penny, S.)2005Addresses treatment of compacted soils. Outlines an amelioration package which involves estimating the soil structure status, gypsum application, ripping, nutrients, stubble retention, rotation and estimating water infiltration.
Identifying gypsum-responsive soils (Frost, F. and Orr, G.)1990Gypsum applied to soils with dispersible clays improves the permeability to water by reducing the dispersion of the clay. Reducing the dispersion allows more of the rainfall to enter the soil, reducing run-off and erosion risks and improving drainage after heavy rains.
Managing waterlogging and inundation in crops (Belford, B. and McFarlane, D.)1993Identify the problem sites. Consider drainage as the first option for controlling excess water. This will minimise crop losses and land management problems from waterlogging. In all cases, control weeds and plant early using appropriate varieties, high seeding rates and plenty of nitrogen. Avoid growing crops that are susceptible to waterlogging.
Managing waterlogging and inundation in pastures (Department of Agriculture Western Australia)1993Waterlogging (excess water in the root zone) and inundation (surface ponding) greatly reduce pasture growth in winter and early spring in areas with more than about 450 mm of annual rainfall. Often the reduced growth is not attributed to waterlogging, which mainly affects the roots. Waterlogging in the coldest months does little damage to dormant pastures.
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